原子吸收光谱法测PM2.5中的镉和铅

论述了大气污染中PM2．5颗粒物的危害,通过筛选样品采用了HNO3＋H2O2＋HF消解体系,建立了测定PM2．5中镉、铅的原子吸收光谱法．测试结果表明,Cd和Pb两种金属的检出限分别为0．00601μg／L、0．0600μg／L;线性相关系数R〉0．999,线性关系良好;RSD≤2．1％,仪器精密度良好;实际样品加标回收率Cd为91．4％,Pb为86．0％．该方法简单、方便、可靠,测试成本较低,适合测定PM2．5中的镉、铅．     

银沙槐种子表面消毒技术及无菌萌发条件研究

为获得银沙槐种子表面消毒的最佳方法及无菌萌发的最适条件,采用不同消毒剂和不同培养基对种子消毒方法和消毒后种子无菌萌发条件进行了研究。结果表明：种子消毒的最佳方法为自来水冲洗2—3次（振荡5rain／次）,蒸馏水冲洗3次（振荡5min／次）,75％酒精预处理12min,无菌水冲洗1次,5％NaClO溶液消毒15min,最后用无菌水冲洗6—8次。发芽率可达64％,并彻底无污染;在MS、1／2MS、1／4MS、PDA及不同成分PDA的固体和液体培养基中,除MS外,种子在液体培养基中的萌发率要高于固体培养基,最适萌发培养基为MS固体培养基,其次是PDA（含葡萄糖）液体培养基,提示培养基中水分和营养成分可能共同影响银沙槐种子的萌发率。     

退耕雷竹林水土保持功能影响因素的灰色关联分析

为了探讨雷竹林水土保持功能的主要影响因子,在对江西万年县退耕雷竹林水土保持功能的14个影响因子进行监测的基础上,应用灰色关联分析法进行了分析。结果表明:影响退耕雷竹林水土保持功能发挥的关键因素是林分平均胸径,其次是土壤体积含水量和土壤团聚体含量(0.25 mm)。     

基于2D-Haar声学特征的大规模说话人识别方法

随着待识别人数的增加,文本无关的说话人识别准确率下降明显. 针对这一问题提出了一种高准确率大规模说话人识别方法,该方法采用多个连续音频帧的声学帧特征构成声学特征图,进而获得高维度的2D-Haar声学特征,为训练出性能更优的分类器提供可能;再利用AdaBoost.MH算法筛选出具有较好区分度的2D-Haar声学特征组合进行分类器训练. 实验结果表明,600人规模下的正确识别率为89.5%,100～600人规模下的平均准确率为91.3%. 该方法适用于大规模说话人的识别,引入的2D-Haar声学特征有效,识别准确率高. 此外,该方法还具有较低的算法复杂度和较高的时间效率.      

一种结合G.719编解码器的参数立体声音频编解码扩展方法

针对ITU-T G.719全频带音频编码标准尚不支持立体声压缩编码的问题,结合G.719编解码器提出并设计基于离散傅里叶变换（discrete Fourier transform,DFT）的参数立体声音频编解码扩展模块. 输入音频信号进行 DFT变换后在子带内提取相应的空间参数,并将左右声道下混为和声道;解码时,对和声道进行能量补充,分别运用等式法和基于Givens旋转的奇异值分解法（singular value decomposition,SVD）进行解码恢复. 测试结果表明,在G.719中合理设计参数立体声编解码可以获得较好的压缩效果,对于平缓的音乐,等式法比奇异值分解法可解码得到稍高的音质,且复杂度较低;对于变化较快的音乐,奇异值分解法可得到相对较好的音质,但复杂度较高.      

A wetness index derived from tree-rings in the Mt. Yishan area of China since 1755 AD and its agricultural implications

Dendroclimatological techniques were employed to investigate the relationship between Chinese Pinus(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) growth and climatic variability in the Mt.Yishan region of Shandong Province, China, over the past253 years. Using regression analysis, the wetness index(WI)was reconstructed for the Mt. Yishan area for the period1755–2007 AD based on tree-ring widths; predictor variables accounted for 40 % of the variance. The reconstructed timeseries displayed an increasing trend after the late 1960 s. Both the estimated and the observed WI for May–August were better correlated with precipitation than temperature during the period 1958–2007 AD, indicating that the contribution of precipitation to the WI was larger than temperature in the study area. The reconstructed WI was compared with the dryness/wetness index of China and land areas that were affected by droughts and floods using the agricultural statistics for Shandong Province. In addition, the WI time-series corresponded well with the peanut yield in Shandong Province at high frequency, which may be reasonable in the context of agriculture in Shandong. The 3-, 5- to 6- and 9- to10-year periodicities detected in the time-series suggested that the reconstructed WI in the Mt. Yishan area may be related to large-scale climate variations.     

Monitoring dynamic changes of global land cover types:fluctuations of major lakes in China every 8 days during 2000–2010

Remote sensing images can be used to delineate variations in the area of lakes and to assess the influence of environmental changes and human activities.However,because lakes are dynamic,results obtained from individual images acquired on a single date are not representative and do not accurately reflect ongoing changes.In this study,we used 8-day moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)composite data from 2000 to2010 to map water surface changes over 629 lakes in China.We combined automatic extraction of training data and support vector machine classification to derive the spatial distribution of these large water bodies.The producer’s and user’s accuracies for MODIS images were91.06%and 89.81%,respectively,when compared with interpretation results from 30 m resolution Landsat images taken on similar days.Area changes,variability,inundation intensity,and rainy seasons of the 629 lakes were analyzed based on this multi-temporal lake database.The total area of the 629 lakes increased over the study period,primarily as a result of the expansion of lake areas on the Tibetan Plateau.There were 12 lakes with a maximum area[1,000 km2,and six of these decreased in area from 2000to 2010.The shrinkages of Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake were-54.76 and-25.08 km2/a,respectively.The area of lakes on Tibetan Plateau,in northern Xinjiang,northeastern Inner Mongolia,and northeastern China varied little,while lakes on the Yangtze Plain,in southern Inner Mongolia,and central Xinjiang fluctuated considerably.Inundation intensity increased for lakes on the Tibetan Plateau,in northern Xinjiang,Heilongjiang,and Jilin,while inundation extent decreased in central Xinjiang,southern Tibet,southern Inner Mongolia,Sichuan,and on the Yangtze Plain.This study is an attempt to develop high-frequency specific land cover maps to improve applicability of general land cover maps.The lake products serve as an important supplement to hydrologic data.The lake database enables the generation of new land surface process models,which could improve the precision of simulations,based on more accurate observations of dynamic lake systems.     

Influence of the amplitude ratio between two terahertz pulses on two-dimensional spectroscopy

The influence of the amplitude ratio between the two THz pulses on two-dimension THz spectroscopy （2DTS） has been studied theoretically via a classical method in which the expressions for the second-order nonlinearity were derived using perturbation approach, and the THz pulses were not treated as a delta function. Three types of nonlinear sources i.e., anharmonicity, nonlinear damping, and nonlinear coupling, are considered in a single mode system. The simulation results demonstrated that the amplitude ratio had a notable influence on the 2DTSs, and different sources have different influences. This study is promising for guiding future experiments.     

基于DPPH-HPLC技术的马粪海胆抗氧化活性指纹图谱初步研究

采用基于DPPH-HPLC技术的抗氧化活性指纹图谱对海洋中药马粪海胆来源进行鉴别。对具有较好抗氧化活性的马粪海胆水提物中的抗氧化活性成分进行筛选,基于各抗氧化成分的指纹图谱,结合相似度分析对不同来源马粪海胆进行鉴别研究。结果表明,该方法可以对不同来源的马粪海胆样品进行正确区分,有望成为海洋中药真伪鉴别的新方法。     

巨尾桉与几种阔叶树和针叶树碳储量的比较研究

【目的】研究广西北海市巨尾桉（Eucalyptus grandis×E．urophylla）、红锥（Castanopsis hystrix）、海南蒲桃（Szygium cumini）、香梓楠（Michelia hedyosperma）、闽楠（Michelia macclurei）、杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata）、马尾松（Pinus massoniana）的冠幅、生物量和碳储量情况,为该地区建立人工林优势树种选择提供科学依据。【方法】对两年生的巨尾桉、红锥、海南蒲桃、香梓楠、闽楠、杉木、马尾松进行常规的群落调查,采用收获法收集各树种的根、茎、叶、枝,通过实验手段测定其生物量、含碳率、碳储量。【结果】巨尾桉冠幅为其他树种的1．7～8．6倍,高度为3．1～6倍,基径为1．6～3．6倍;巨尾桉生物量高达17．2t·hm^2,其次海南蒲桃为3．6t·hm^2,其余树种生物量较低;巨尾桉含碳率在所有树种中居于中间水平,碳储量为其他树种的6～30倍。【结论】在同龄树种中,巨尾桉的固碳能力较强,可作为人工林生态固碳的优选树种。